Armenia

Country Profile

Other Cities: Gyumri (pop. 121,000), Vanadzor (pop. 74,000) and Abovian (pop. 54,000),
Echmiadzin (seat of the patriarchate of the Armenian Apostolic Church).

Local Time: UTC +4h

Geography
Armenia, situated along the route of the Great Silk Road, is a landlocked country of rugged mountains and extinct volcanoes, located in the southern Caucasus, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
It is the smallest of the former Soviet republics, bounded by Georgia on the north, Azerbaijan on the east, Iran on the south, and Turkey on the west.
Location: Asia, in the southern Caucasus.
Total area: 29 800 square kilometers (11 490 square miles)
Terrain: Rugged mountains and extinct volcanoes, one-third of the country is pastureland, forest and woodland cover 12 percent.
Border countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Turkey

Climate: Continental, with lower temperatures and more precipitation in higher elevations. In central plateau temperature varies widely with cold winters and hot summers.

Government:
Type: Republic with a presidential governing system.
Head of state: President
Constitution: Approved in 1995 referendum.
Independence: 1918; First Armenian Republic (from Turkey, the then declining Ottoman Empire).
21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union).

People:
Nationality: Noun and Adjective Armenian(s).
Population: between 3.0 - 3.8 million
Ethnic groups: Armenian 98%; Yezidi 1.2%; Russian, Greek, and other 0.8%.
Religion: Armenian Apostolic Church (more than 90% nominally affiliated).
Languages: Armenian (Hayeren) 96%, Russian, other.
Literacy: 99%.

Business

Currency: Dram (AMD)

Natural resources: Small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina.

Agriculture products: Fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; livestock

Industries: Diamond-processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food processing, brandy.

Exports partners: Belgium 18.2%, UK 16.8%, Israel 15.7%, Russia 12.1%, Iran 7.9%, USA 6.3%, Germany 5% (2003)

Imports partners: Belgium 11.6%, Russia 11.6%, Israel 11.3%, USA 9.5%, Iran 8.8%, Germany 6.7%, UAE 5.4%, Italy 4.7%, Ukraine 4.6% (2003)

Internet Links

Official Sites of Armenia
Administration of the President of the Republic of Armenia
Official site of the President, head of state of Armenia.

Government of Republic of Armenia
Official Government website of the Republic of Armenia.

Parliament of Armenia
The Parliament of Armenia online.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Official site of Armenia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, provides information on Armenia and its foreign relations.

Armenia Development Gateway (AmDG)
AmDG is Armenia's E-Government portal, promoting the use of the Internet and other information communications technologies to facilitate nation's access to development oriented knowledge and information/services.

Permanent Mission of the Rep. of ARMENIA to the UN: The Mission
The Armenian Mission to the United Nations official website provides statements and other information that is relevant to Armenia's work at the United Nations.
Embassy of the Republic of Armenia
Embassy of Armenia in the US.

Statistics
Armstat
National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia.

Armenia Maps
Map of Armenia
Political map of Armenia (2002).
Tourism Map of Armenia
Clickable Tourism Map of Armenia by Cilicia.
Caucasus and Central Asia Map
Map of Central Asia and the Caucasus region.

Armenian News
ARKA News Agency
ARKA News Agency provides financial, economic and political information.
Armenpress
Armenian News Agency.
AZG
News from AZG an Armenian daily.

Arts & Culture
narek.com
Armenian books, music, videos and art

Business & Economy
Armenian Brands
Yerevan Brandy Company
A real Armenian brandy, founded in 1887, today with some support of Pernod Ricard.

Destination Armenia - Country Guides
Armenia Information
Armenia travel and tourism information by the Armenian Tourism Development Agency.
Travel to Armenia
Short overview of tourist attractions in Armenia by the Armenian US Embassy.
ArmeniaGuide.com
Tourguide to Armenia.
Armenian Tourist Attractions
A guide to Armenian Tourist Attractions by Cilicia, the largest Armenian Tourism and Travel web site.
armenians.com
Armenia: One Nation, One Struggle.
Ecotourism Armenia
Informational site about Ecotourism in Armenia.by the Armenian Ecotourism. Association.
TourArmenia
Comprehensive travel and tourism guide to and about Armenia.

Education
American University of Armenia
The American University of Armenia (AUA) offers Master's level graduate programs.

Yerevan State University (YSU)
Official site of the formerly State University of Armenia, the most important institution of higer education in Armenia.

National Academy of Sciences of Armenia
Official site of the academy which is part of the Academical Scientific Network of Armenia.

Environment
Climate Change Information Center of Armenia
Information site on Climate Change and Environmental Projects of Armenia.

History
Armenia's History
Page about Armenia's rich history by the Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
History of Armenia
Brief overview about the history of Armenia.

ArmeniaNow
With news related to Nagorno-Karabakh region and Armenia.

Spectrum
Center for Strategic Analysis with the main objectives of examination and analysis of the processes promoting the sustainable political and socioeconomic development of the Republic of Armenia and the region of the South Caucasus as a whole.

Oneworld Multimedia
Photojournalism from Armenia, Karabagh and the Caucasus; Onnik Krikorian, journalist and photographer from the UK, now living and working in the Republic of Armenia.

Search
Armenian Webs
Directory of Armenian Websites by Armenia Development Gateway.
Cilicia.com
Armenia info and links.
Circle.am
Armenian portal and internet directory with a rating sytem of Armenian web resources.
Hayastan.com
An Armenian portal and internet directory.
 

General Resources

American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies (AAASS)
'The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies (AAASS) is a nonprofit, nonpolitical, scholarly society which is the leading private organization dedicated to the advancement of knowledge about Russia, Central Eurasia, and Eastern and Central Europe.'

Armenia House
The non-profit 'ArmenianHouse.org is an electronic library featuring a huge collection of documents on Armenian literature, history, religion and anything else Armenia-related.' While the home page is trilingual (English, Armenian and Russian) texts are available in Armenian and Russian. The purpose is to provide an electronic library of the full range of Armenian literature while helping young authors publish electronically.

Armenia Search
This site is based on the Open Directory Project (ODP) - 'is the most comprehensive human edited directory of the Web, compiled by a vast global community of volunteer editors.'

Armenia Subject Index
This general portal page is maintained at Columbia University's Harriman Institute-'the oldest academic center in the United States devoted to the interdisciplinary study of the Russian Empire, the Soviet bloc, and the post -communist states.'

Armenian Development Agency
With the Armenian Prime Minister as its chairman of the board, ADA attempts to facilitate investment and promote commerce in Armenia. Its English language homepage provides a country guide, information on laws and regulations, and materials on all aspects of investment in the Republic.

Armenian Directory Yellow Pages and Internet Website Directory
The web version of the Armenian Directory Yellow Pages, which has served the American and Canadian Armenian communities since the 1980s, provides basic information and directories of organizations, people, businesses and organizations relating to Armenia and the Armenians.

Armenian Library Consortium
Funded by the Open Society Institute (Soros Foundation), this ambitious and vital undertaking is involved with making the contents of Armenia's libraries, both bibliographic records and texts, available digitally to the world. Records are in both English and in Armenian script using UNICODE. The project will eventually have a catalog of Armenia's holdings, a union catalog of world holdings, digitized texts, and other aspects of a modern digitized library.

ArmenianLinks
Armenia Links provides an up-to-date portal to popular, academic, and governmental sites.

Armgate: Armenian Information and Resources
An up-to-date general site which includes links to information on Churches, Armenian Searches, news reports, and online directories.

Arminco
Although a commercial internet company, Arminco's homepage gives access to related links and especially to the many organizational and individual web pages it subscribers have mounted using its services.

Central Asia Studies Worldwide
Sponsored by the Harvard Program on Central Asia and the Caucasus, CASWW provides extensive resources for the scholarly study of Central Asia and the Caucasus.

Cilicia.com
This handy site maintained by Raffi Kojian provides a variety of narratives on Armenia and the Armenians, from cuisine to biographies to language lessons. Also presented is 'Rediscover Armenia,' an extensive and indispensable guidebook to the Republic of Armenia.

Circle. Am: Rating and Statistics for Armenian Web Resources
A new and timely portal page from Armenia but in English organized by subject with ratings and statistics for each.

Country Reports about ...
Offers links to sites about many countries by such subjects as government, the military, economy, the weather, etc.

Development Gateway Country Overview
"The Development Gateway helps communities, organizations, and individuals build partnerships, share ideas, and work together to reduce poverty." Search by development projects as well as by country to identify additional web sites and documents.

Encyclopedia.com
From the Electronic Library, searching the Encyclopedia.com by country provides numerous narrative articles on its history, culture, politics.

Hayastan.com: Armenian Internet Portal
An extensive, popular portal to Armenian sites, which provides links under a variety of subjects as well as music downloads, dating information, chat, fora, and even an Armenian-English, English-Armenian translator.

Internet Access and Training Program
IATP is a program for the countries of the U.S. Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State, which is funded under the Freedom Support Act and Administered by the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) to help the post Soviet countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia 'strengthen indigenous institutions by providing US government program alumni and others in Eurasia with free and open Internet access and training in the use of electronic mail and the Internet."

Islamic Calendar Converter
This English language website not only converts the present Gregorian date, in common use in the West, to its modern Hijra equivalent (in common use in the Islamic World), it also provides a mechanism, based on software developed by Waleed A. Muhanna, to convert all past dates from Gregorian-Hijra or Hijra-Gregorian.

Library of Congress/American Library Association Armenian Transliteration Table
This is the bilingual (Armenian and English) site of the manuscript library known simply as The Matenedaran, located in Erevan, the capital of the Republic of Armenia, the largest repository of ancient and mediaeval Armenian manuscripts in the world. The site describes, among other headings, collections, programs, fund-raising initiatives and information for scholars who need to use its resources.

Library of Congress. Virtual Reference Shelf
The Library of Congress has mounted this useful site on its home page to give scholars and researchers access to common online sources which are excellent for initial stages of research. These online tools are organized by subject and format, e.g., "Almanacs and Fast Facts," "Directories," "Libraries," etc.

Lonely Planet - Destinations
Search by country to find information on travel, attractions, history, culture, and environment. of that location.

Net Armenie France
A comprehensive French-language portal page maintained in Armenia, Canada and France.

NetArmenie
French language portal site with additional news items and features from and about Armenia and its Diaspora, again organized by subject.

OneWorld.net
Searchable by country, regions and topics. Includes current headlines and special reports.

Petros Adamian Tbilisi State Armenian Drama Theatre 
English language homepage of the Armenian theater located in Tbilisi, Georgia

Princeton University Library: Near Eastern Studies Resources
Princeton Library's site dedicated to Near Eastern Studies provides not only invaluable information about Princeton's programs and collections, but also extensive links to sites (libraries, universities, institutes, think tanks, directories, gateways, newspapers, etc.) around the world concerning all aspects of the discipline.

Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
From Questia Media America, Inc. for academics, students, librarians, publishers and a wide variety of researchers, 'Questia is the first online library that provides 24/7 access to the world's largest online collection of books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences, plus magazine and newspaper articles. You can search each and every word of all of the books and journal articles in the collection.' A search under country name yields a wide variety of bibliographic citations. Full text is often available to subscribers.

Russian and East European network information center
REENIC (Russian and East European Network Information Center) at the University of Texas in Austin provides useful portals as well as additional resources about them to the post-Soviet countries of Eurasia and Central Asia.

United Nations
The official site of the United Nations provides articles, reports, etc. in several languages on all aspects of the initiatives and mission of that organization as well as on the contemporary life, culture, society, international relations, etc. of all the countries and peoples of the world.

United Nations ReliefWeb
"ReliefWeb is a project of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)... serving the information needs of the humanitarian relief community" Offers news updates to crisis situations around the world and includes information about refugee camps and other relief efforts.

United States. Agency for International Development. Development Experience Clearinghouse (DEC)
"The purpose of the DEC is to strengthen USAID's development projects, activities, and programs by making ... development experience documents available to USAID offices and mission staff, PVO's, NGO's, universities and research institutions, developing countries, and the public worldwide."

United States. Department of State
Numerous documents concerning diplomatic and international relations, travel advice and warnings relating to the countries of the world are available on the State Department's official site by searching under a particular country's name.

United States. Library of Congress Country Studies
A series published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Studies Handbook Program sponsored by the Department of the Army.

World Desk Reference
Searchable by country, this is the online version of the handbook with more than 5000 illustrations and maps.

Business, Commerce, Economy

Armenian American Chamber of Commerce USA
The mission of the AACC, a non-profit California-based federation of businesses and professionals, is 'to work internationally to help the Republic of Armenia become self-sufficient." Its site describes its activities, lists events, and provides links and information about itself.

Armenian Development Agency
With the Armenian Prime Minister as its chairman of the board, ADA attempts to facilitate investment and promote commerce in Armenia. Its English language homepage provides a country guide, information on laws and regulations, and materials on all aspects of investment in the Republic.

BISNIS (Business Information Service for the Newly Independent States)
Maintained by the U.S. Department of Commerce, BISNIS is the U. S. Government's primary resource center for companies exploring in Russia and other newly independent state which were formerly part of the USSR.

Business Information of Armenia
Spyur is an ' information and inquiry service that collects, processes and disseminates information about companies and organizations of Armenia." Its site (available in English and Russian) provides among its services directories and links to organizations, government agencies, and businesses.

Central Bank of Armenia
The bi-lingual (Armenian and English) official website of the Central Bank of provides the institution's structure and mission and a variety of reports and charts important to assess the economic, financial, and business situation in the Republic of Armenia. The page is best viewed on Netscape.

Development Gateway Country Overview
"The Development Gateway helps communities, organizations, and individuals build partnerships, share ideas, and work together to reduce poverty." Search by development projects as well as by country to identify additional web sites and documents.

The Eurasia Foundation
Located in Washington, DC the Eurasia Foundation 'is a privately managed grantmaking organization dedicated to funding programs that build democratic and free market institutions in the twelve New Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union -- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.' The site includes reports on the various NIS countries as well as information on grants and other economic and financial matters.

EurasiaNet.org
Operated by the Central Eurasia Project of the Open Society Institute and based in new York, 'EurasiaNet provides information and analysis about political, economic, environmental and social developments in the countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus, as well as in Russia, the Middle East, and Southwest Asia. The web site also offers additional features, including newsmaker interviews, book reviews and a discussion forum.'

Fund For Armenian Relief
"The Fund for Armenian Relief (FAR) was founded after the devastating earthquake which struck North-Western Armenia in December 1988. As the humanitarian arm of the Diocese of the Armenian Church of America, it was originally known as the Diocesan Fund for Armenia's Recovery (DFAR). In February 1993, FAR was formally reorganized into a Private Voluntary. FAR is headquartered in New York City and has branch offices in Yerevan and Gyumri, Armenia as well as Stepanakert in Nagorno Karabagh. Since its inception, FAR has channeled over $200 million in humanitarian assistance to Armenia." Its English language site provides reports, links, discussions of humanitarian assistance and documentation of ongoing relief programs.

International Monetary Fund
The IMF is an "organization of 183 member countries, established to promote international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and orderly exchange; to foster economic growth and high levels of employment; and to provide temporary financial assistance to countries to help ease balance of payments adjustment." A search by country will yield reports on the IMF's initiatives and programs in it.

International Trade Organization (ITA)
A branch of the U.S. Department of Commerce, the ITA site offers trade statistics, export data, publications and reports on a variety of issues related to international trade.

Ministry of Industry and Trade (Armenia)
The official site of the Ministry of Industry and Trade (in English) provides narrative reports on the business climate and opportunities, links related to investment, and the laws relating to foreign investment in the Republic of Armenia.

Ministry of State Property Management (Armenia)
Funded by the USIA, the English language website of the Ministry provides information on privatization and opportunities for investment in the Republic of Armenia.

Petros Adamian Tbilisi State Armenian Drama Theatre
English language homepage of the Armenian theater located in Tbilisi, Georgia.

Safety and Health During international Travel
This bulletin, published on the web site of the Office of Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) of the U.S. Department of Labor, is designed to alert international business and other professional travelers to possible dangers and hazards which might be found at their destinations. Suggestions are given for safety and links are provided to sites with additional advice to the travelers. The bulletin is published in pdf format and requires appropriate software, such as Acrobat, for viewing.

The Times of Central Asia
Published in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, TCA 'was launched in 1999 and is the only site offering an extended and constantly updated coverage of news in Central Asia. The site is an essential resource for international English-speaking viewers who have a professional interest in the region." Coverage extends from the Caucasian countries through those of Central Asia.

UNRISD On-Line (U.N. Research Institute for Social Development)
"UNRISD carries out research on the social dimensions of contemporary problems affecting development. Through its research, UNRISD stimulates dialogue and contributes to policy debates within and outside the United Nations system.

United Nations
The official site of the United Nations provides articles, reports, etc. in several languages on all aspects of the initiatives and mission of that organization as well as on the contemporary life, culture, society, international relations, etc. of all the countries and peoples of the world.

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
"Works for children's rights, their survival, development and protection, guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child." Site offers reports and information about the status and living situations of children in many countries.

United Nations ReliefWeb
"ReliefWeb is a project of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)... serving the information needs of the humanitarian relief community" Offers news updates to crisis situations around the world and includes information about refugee camps and other relief efforts.

United States Trade Representative
As "America's chief trade negotiator and advisor to the President of the United States on trade policy, the USTR and the Agency itself work with other bodies, such as the World Trade Organization to create new job opportunities for American business, workers and agricultural producers." A search by country yields news, regulations, reports and initiatives on the United States' and USTR's dealings with it.

United States. Agency for International Development. Development Experience Clearinghouse (DEC)
"The purpose of the DEC is to strengthen USAID's development projects, activities, and programs by making ... development experience documents available to USAID offices and mission staff, PVO's, NGO's, universities and research institutions, developing countries, and the public worldwide."

United States. Census Bureau. Foreign Trade Statistics
Offers valuable statistics by country and by commodity beginning in 1996 and information about the U.S. trade balance with individual countries from 1992 onward.

The World Bank Group
A search by country yields numerous English language reports on the economic development of regions of the world and the World Bank Groups' advice, initiatives and warnings concerning them.

World Chambers Network
Searchable by country offers information about individual national chambers of commerce and about international trade including news and upcoming events of interest to the business world.

World Trade Network
An English language site proving access to information country by country on international trade as well as links to related sites, as well as to the World Trade Organization (WTO).

World Trade Organization
Headquartered in Switzerland the WTO, made up of member governments from around the globe, is dedicated to topics concerning international trade and development. Its English language "website contains material for a range of users, from the general public to students, academics and trade specialists. It includes introductions to WTO activities and a large database of official documents."

Yahoo! Finance - Currency Conversion
This service provided by Yahoo offers up-to-the-minute universal conversion rates of foreign currencies.

Culture

American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies (AAASS)
'The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies (AAASS) is a nonprofit, nonpolitical, scholarly society which is the leading private organization dedicated to the advancement of knowledge about Russia, Central Eurasia, and Eastern and Central Europe.'

American Memory (The Library of Congress)
The Library of Congress' American Memory 'is gateway to rich primary source materials relating to the history and culture of the United States. The site offers more than 7 million digital items from more than 100 historical collections.' A search under "Armenia" will yield a relatively small but nonetheless important selection of digitized manuscript materials, photographs, maps, and audio recordings from the Library's collections.

Archive of Armenian Music in America
Maintained by Leon Janikian of Northeastern University, this site is dedicated to 'preserving and disseminating the music of the Armenian community living in the United States.' Audio files of Armenian music are available for downloading.

ArmeniaNow.com
Appearing every Friday in English, 'ArmeniaNow.com is published by New Times Journalism Training Center, a Non-Governmental Organization in Yerevan, Armenia. The weekly website exists as a newsroom laboratory in which journalists and editors in Armenia are taught the application of methodology and theory of Western journalism. Our goal is to produce real change in the approach of local journalists by immersing them in long-term training that makes clear how Western-style reporting works and what benefits it can bring when applied to subjects in Armenia.' Topics covered include arts, sports, politics and culture.

Armenian Architecture (Rensselaer Architecture Library)
Select photographs of important Mediaeval Armenian architecture from the extensive set of microfiche prepared by Prof. Vazken L. Parsegian are reproduced in this page maintained by the Rennsselaer Architecture Library.

Armenian Association of Film Critics and Cinema Journalists (Armenia)
The 'Armenian Association of Film Critics and Cinema Journalists is a public, non-government organization, established in May 1996 and legally registered on the 1st of November 1996. Among its members are the outstanding film critics and cinema journalists of Armenia, working in different fields of mass media.' Its English language site lists films, directors, producers, journalists and organizations.

The Armenian Film Foundation
This is the official site of the California-based foundation which 'was established in 1979 as a non-profit, educational and cultural organization dedicated to the documentation on film and video of Armenian heritage and life.'

Armenian General Benevolent Union
Established in 1906, this philanthropic organization's mission is 'to preserve and promote the Armenian identity and heritage through educational, cultural and humanitarian programs.' Its home page describes its programs, connects to international AGBU sites, and offers descriptions of all aspects of its activities both in the Republic of Armenia and throughout the Armenian Diaspora.

Armenian Library & Museum of America 

Armenian Library Consortium
Funded by the Open Society Institute (Soros Foundation), this ambitious and vital undertaking is involved with making the contents of Armenia's libraries, both bibliographic records and texts, available digitally to the world. Records are in both English and in Armenian script using UNICODE. The project will eventually have a catalog of Armenia's holdings, a union catalog of world holdings, digitized texts, and other aspects of a modern digitized library.

Armenian Network of America
'The Armenian Network of America, Inc. ® is a professionally-based community organization that provides a forum for people to interact and communicate through.' The site is broken down by regions (Boston, New York, Chicago, Washington) and provides links, calendars, events and forums.

Armenian Relief Society, Inc
'As an independent, non-governmental and non-sectarian organization -- and an NGO on the Roster in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations -- with affiliate entities in 24 different countries serving the social and educational needs of Armenian communities everywhere, seeking to preserve the cultural identity of the Armenian nation, and, whenever and wherever the need arises, to bring humanitarian help to all communities in distress -- Armenian and non-Armenian alike.' The ARS homepage furnishes basic information about it, a calendar of events, and their periodical Hai Sird in PDF format.

Armenian Studies Program, California State University, Fresno
The website for CSU Fresno's Armenian Studies Program has provided information on its programs, courses, and student aid opportunities. Complementing this mission -specific information are excellent narratives on all aspects of Armenian art, architecture and miniatures with many beautiful photographic reproductions.

Artavazd
Atavazd is an Italian language site maintained by the University of Lecce in Italy and is dedicated to information from around the world having to do with Armenian Studies. Numerous useful links are give as well as current information on academic events and conferences.

California Gold: Northern California Folk Music from the Thirties-Armenian
California Gold, mounted as part of American Memory on the Library of Congress website, offers performances of native songs sung or played by immigrants of diverse ethnicity to California. These were recorded as part of the WPA in the 1930s. Over 100 Armenian songs and photographs are reproduced.

Central Asia Studies Worldwide
Sponsored by the Harvard Program on Central Asia and the Caucasus, CASWW provides extensive resources for the scholarly study of Central Asia and the Caucasus.

Classical Armenian Literature
This website reproduces important Mediaeval Armenian textual materials. Fonts for both PC and Macintosh are made available for downloading.

Encyclopedia.com
From the Electronic Library, searching the Encyclopedia.com by country provides numerous narrative articles on its history, culture, politics.

Hayastan.com: Armenian Internet Portal
An extensive, popular portal to Armenian sites, which provides links under a variety of subjects as well as music downloads, dating information, chat, fora, and even an Armenian-English, English-Armenian translator.

International Association for Armenian Studies (AIEA)
This bilingual (French and English) site of the Association Internationale des Etudes Armeniennes, a group dedicated to the scholarly study of all aspects of Armenian history, life and culture, presents academic tools, links, information about its structure and membership, publications, and news on conferences, workshops, and other events involving Armenian Studies.

Internet Access and Training Program
IATP is a program for the countries of the U.S. Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State, which is funded under the Freedom Support Act and Administered by the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) to help the post Soviet countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia 'strengthen indigenous institutions by providing US government program alumni and others in Eurasia with free and open Internet access and training in the use of electronic mail and the Internet."

Library of Congress Vardanants Day Armenian Lecture Series
This page lists the renowned academic and political speakers who have presented events at this long running lecture series sponsored by the Near East Section of the Library of Congress; it is complemented by the texts and cybercasts of a selection of these.

Manuscript Division (The Library of Congress)
With over 50,000,000 items in its collections, the Manuscript Division offers researchers a great variety of primary sources. Among these for Armenian Studies, for instance, are the papers of Henry Morgenthau, Sr. ambassador to the Ottoman Empire during World War I, of American missionaries in the Ottoman Empire, and of other renowned Americans, either in the government or private citizens.

Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts
This is the bilingual (Armenian and English) site of the manuscript library known simply as The Matenedaran, located in Erevan, the capital of the Republic of Armenia, the largest repository of ancient and mediaeval Armenian manuscripts in the world. The site describes, among other headings, collections, programs, fund-raising initiatives and information for scholars who need to use its resources.

OACIS for the Middle East
'OACIS for the Middle East (Online Access to Consolidated Information on Serials) is a union list of serials from or about the Middle East. The mission of OACIS is to improve access to Middle Eastern serials in libraries in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East.' The site is fully searchable by title and subject.

Petros Adamian Tbilisi State Armenian Drama Theatre
English language homepage of the Armenian theater located in Tbilisi, Georgia

Prints and Photographs Division (The Library of Congress)
A search under "Armenia' in the online catalog provided by the Prints and Photographs Division results in a selection of historically important digitized photographs and graphic materials from this rich collection.

Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
From Questia Media America, Inc. for academics, students, librarians, publishers and a wide variety of researchers, 'Questia is the first online library that provides 24/7 access to the world's largest online collection of books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences, plus magazine and newspaper articles. You can search each and every word of all of the books and journal articles in the collection.' A search under country name yields a wide variety of bibliographic citations. Full text is often available to subscribers.

RecipeSource
A search by country in RecipeSource, the new website of SOAR: The Searchable Online Archive of Recipes, yields traditional recipes in English from countries around the world.

United Nations
The official site of the United Nations provides articles, reports, etc. in several languages on all aspects of the initiatives and mission of that organization as well as on the contemporary life, culture, society, international relations, etc. of all the countries and peoples of the world.

Virtual Ani
A tour through the toponomy, history, and monumental remains of one of the Mediaeval capital of Bagratid Armenia.

Education

American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
'The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies (AAASS) is a nonprofit, nonpolitical, scholarly society which is the leading private organization dedicated to the advancement of knowledge about Russia, Central Eurasia, and Eastern and Central Europe.'

American University of Armenia
The official website of the AUA presents basic information in English about the institution including staff, students, programs, and resources.

Armenian National Institute (United States)
The Washington-based Armenian National Institute is dedicated to the study and documentation of the Armenian Genocide. ANI's website reproduces textual and visual documents and offers additional information about its organization and programs in support of its mission.

Armenian Students' Association (United States)
'The purposes of this Association are educational and charitable, in that it shall encourage educational pursuits by Armenians in America and the raising of their intellectual standards, provide financial assistance in the form of scholarships and loans to deserving Armenian students, develop fellowship among them, cultivate in them the spirit of service in the public interest, and acquaint them and the entire American community with Armenian culture.' The ASA's website gives information about its scholarships and awards, its members and its programs.

Armenian Studies (Hebrew University)
The official website of the Armenian Studies Program in Hebrew University details the programs and activities of this thriving center for the study of ancient and Mediaeval Armenian history, literature and culture.

Armenian Studies Program, California State University, Fresno
The website for CSU Fresno's Armenian Studies Program has provided information on its programs, courses, and student aid opportunities. Complementing this mission -specific information are excellent narratives on all aspects of Armenian art, architecture and miniatures with many beautiful photographic reproductions.

Artavazd
Atavazd is an Italian language site maintained by the University of Lecce in Italy and is dedicated to information from around the world having to do with Armenian Studies. Numerous useful links are give as well as current information on academic events and conferences.

Caucasus Media Institute
Located in Yerevan, Armenia, the Caucasus Media Institute 'provides premier vocational training and resources for journalists in a post-graduate setting. It offers access to databases, news archives and library; workshops on contemporary issues; research on politics, economics and social studies; international and regional cooperation, and job opportunities for interns, academics and professors.' Offered in English and Russian, its home page provides information on the activities and publications of the center.

Fund For Armenian Relief
"The Fund for Armenian Relief (FAR) was founded after the devastating earthquake which struck North-Western Armenia in December 1988. As the humanitarian arm of the Diocese of the Armenian Church of America, it was originally known as the Diocesan Fund for Armenia's Recovery (DFAR). In February 1993, FAR was formally reorganized into a Private Voluntary. FAR is headquartered in New York City and has branch offices in Yerevan and Gyumri, Armenia as well as Stepanakert in Nagorno Karabagh. Since its inception, FAR has channeled over $200 million in humanitarian assistance to Armenia." Its English language site provides reports, links, discussions of humanitarian assistance and documentation of ongoing relief programs.

Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
The official website of this Lisbon-based philanthropic foundation includes publications, information on grants, museums, exhibitions and information on Armenian communities. Also provides covers of past newletters. In Portuguese and English.

Haigazian University (Beirut Lebanon)
Haygazian University, founded in l955 by the Union of Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East (UAECNE) and the Armenian Missionary Association of America (AMAA), is an Armenian institution of higher learning located in Beirut, Lebanon. Its website, in English, offers complete information about its mission, courses, and activities.

International Association for Armenian Studies (AIEA)
This bilingual (French and English) site of the Association Internationale des Etudes Armeniennes, a group dedicated to the scholarly study of all aspects of Armenian history, life and culture, presents academic tools, links, information about its structure and membership, publications, and news on conferences, workshops, and other events involving Armenian Studies.

Library of Congress Vardanants Day Armenian Lecture Series
This page lists the renowned academic and political speakers who have presented events at this long running lecture series sponsored by the Near East Section of the Library of Congress; it is complemented by the texts and cybercasts of a selection of these.

Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts
This is the bilingual (Armenian and English) site of the manuscript library known simply as The Matenedaran, located in Erevan, the capital of the Republic of Armenia, the largest repository of ancient and mediaeval Armenian manuscripts in the world. The site describes, among other headings, collections, programs, fund-raising initiatives and information for scholars who need to use its resources.

Mekhitarist Congregations (Vienna, Venice)
The official website of the Armenian Catholic Mekhitarist Order's monasteries in Vienna and Venice provides information on their history and rich manuscript and print collections.

Middle East Studies Association (MESA)
MESA's website provides news, descriptions of activities, lists of members, dates of conferences and other relevant information concerning this United States-based organizations dedicated to the study of all aspects of the countries, regions and peoples of the Middle East.

National Academy of Sciences of Armenia
The English-language official website of the National Academy of Sciences in Yerevan, Armenia, provides information on its organization, divisions, membership, staff and activities.

OACIS for the Middle East
'OACIS for the Middle East (Online Access to Consolidated Information on Serials) is a union list of serials from or about the Middle East. The mission of OACIS is to improve access to Middle Eastern serials in libraries in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East.' The site is fully searchable by title and subject.

Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
From Questia Media America, Inc. for academics, students, librarians, publishers and a wide variety of researchers, 'Questia is the first online library that provides 24/7 access to the world's largest online collection of books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences, plus magazine and newspaper articles. You can search each and every word of all of the books and journal articles in the collection.' A search under country name yields a wide variety of bibliographic citations. Full text is often available to subscribers.

Society for Armenian Studies (United States)
The Society of Armenian Studies is the United States-based scholarly organization dedicated to the study of all aspects of Armenian life and culture. Its website describes its mission, membership, publications and sponsored events.

St Nersess Armenian Seminary (United States)
The website of this seminary for the preparation of clergy for the Armenian Apostolic Church, located in New Rochelle, NY, details its academic programs, sponsored events, outreach initiatives, and other materials relevant to the Armenian Church itself.

United Nations
The official site of the United Nations provides articles, reports, etc. in several languages on all aspects of the initiatives and mission of that organization as well as on the contemporary life, culture, society, international relations, etc. of all the countries and peoples of the world.

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
"Works for children's rights, their survival, development and protection, guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child." Site offers reports and information about the status and living situations of children in many countries.

Worldwide Classroom: International Consortium of Schools
All types of schools from elementary to university, vocational to exectuive are searchable by country and by types and has other helpful search services.

Yahoo! search directory.
Search by name of country, then under the category of "Education--Higher Education--Colleges and Universities" to find mostly English language websites of the most important institutions of higher education located in a specific country.

Yerevan State University
The official English-language site of the largest of the universities in Yerevan, Armenia offers complete information on programs, departments and all aspects of the academic experience and life in it.

Zoryan Institute (United States and Canada)
Founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1982, The Zoryan Institute for Contemporary Armenian Research and Documentation, and The Zoryan Institute of Canada, Inc., (incorporated in Toronto in 1984) together form a non-profit research institute 'devoted to the documentation, study, and dissemination of material related to the life of the Armenian people in the recent past and the present, and within the context of larger world affairs.' It's website discusses the Institute's structure, mission, publications, sponsored events, and services.

Embassies

Embassy of the Republic of Armenia (Washington, DC)
The official website of the Armenian Embassy in Washington provides information and links on all aspects of its mission to represent the Republic of Armenia in America, from consular matters, to foreign relations and business opportunities.

EmbassyWorld.com
A search of the index of this database yields all the embassies and missions both in a particular country and from that country to others throughout the world.

Permanent Missions To The United Nations
This English language home page offers statements of mission, policy, articles, and other vital information relating to individual countries' missions to the United Nations.

United States Embassy (Yerevan)
The official website of the United States Embassy in Yerevan, Armenia, provides complete information on its activities, staff, and mission to that country. Information on initiatives of other U.S. agencies, e.g., USAID, and on tourism in Armenia is complemented by related links to other sites and to electronic journals.

Genealogy

ArmeniaGenWeb
This English-language website was constructed to aid those performing genealogical research on people from and in the Republic of Armenia. Researchers are invited to submit name queries and are also provided with related links.

Armenian Ancestors in India
A part of the Family History of India website, this excellent resource is designed to help those performing genealogical research on members of the once-influential Armenian community in India in general, and in Madras and Calcutta in particular.

Genealogy Forum
Among its services is the "Forum Finder... useful for discovering message boards (forums) on GenForum" by searching under surname or location, etc.

The Local History and Genealogy Reading Room (The Library of Congress)
Not only a gateway to this major center for genealogical research, LH&G's home page also provides useful links to documentary sources, research guides, research guidance, and other indispensable resources for those tracing their families' path to the United States.

Geography and Environment

Caucasus Environmental NGO Network - CENN
'The Caucasus Environmental NGO Network (CENN) is non-governmental, non-profitable organization, which aims to foster regional cooperation by means of improved communication among environmental organizations of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia.' A subscription based service, readers have access to a newsletter and information on all aspects of environmental concerns in the Caucasus.

Development Gateway Country Overview
"The Development Gateway helps communities, organizations, and individuals build partnerships, share ideas, and work together to reduce poverty." Search by development projects as well as by country to identify additional web sites and documents.

EurasiaNet.org
Operated by the Central Eurasia Project of the Open Society Institute and based in new York, 'EurasiaNet provides information and analysis about political, economic, environmental and social developments in the countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus, as well as in Russia, the Middle East, and Southwest Asia. The web site also offers additional features, including newsmaker interviews, book reviews and a discussion forum.'

Maps.com (formerly Magellan Geographix)
User may view samples of the wide variety of maps available as well as order maps or atlases, by downloading, or on CD-ROM or in hard copy.

Princeton University Library: Near Eastern Studies Resources
Princeton Library's site dedicated to Near Eastern Studies provides not only invaluable information about Princeton's programs and collections, but also extensive links to sites (libraries, universities, institutes, think tanks, directories, gateways, newspapers, etc.) around the world concerning all aspects of the discipline.

United States. Library of Congress Country Studies
A series published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Studies Handbook Program sponsored by the Department of the Army.

United States. Library of Congress. Geography and Map Division
Website of one of the largest map repositories in the world.

WeatherHub
An English language home page mounted Reentz Data Systems providing links to sites offering international weather information by city.

Maps

United Nations Cartographic Section
Available in English or French versions. Offers detailed maps of many countries.

UT library online, Perry-Castañeda
The University of Texas' Perry Castaneda Library Map collection here offers a variety of historical, geological and political maps of many countries.

Armenia (United Nations)
The website of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs has mounted digitized administrative, geopolitical, and other maps of importance to those dealing with the contemporary situation around the world.

Armenia and Kharabagh Maps (ArmSite)
A variety of maps of Armenia and the Republic of Nagorno Karabakh are here mounted as part of the website, ArmSite.

Armenia: A Historical Atlas (Robert Hewsen)
This site presents selections of historical maps of Armenia from the recently published, excellent and indispensable Historical Atlas by Robert Hewsen.

Armenia and Karabakh Administrative Maps
A wide variety of maps (toponymic, environmental, administrative, etc.) of Armenia has been mounted on the Armenian Diaspora Website sponsored by the Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Virtual Ani
A tour through the toponomy, history, and monumental remains of one of the Mediaeval capital of Bag Armenia.

Government, Politics, and Law

Amnesty International
'Amnesty International is a worldwide campaigning movement that works to promote all the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international standards.' The English language homepage provides articles on human rights questions and abuses in countries around the globe.

ArmeniaNow.com
Appearing every Friday in English, 'ArmeniaNow.com is published by New Times Journalism Training Center, a Non-Governmental Organization in Yerevan, Armenia. The weekly website exists as a newsroom laboratory in which journalists and editors in Armenia are taught the application of methodology and theory of Western journalism. Our goal is to produce real change in the approach of local journalists by immersing them in long-term training that makes clear how Western-style reporting works and what benefits it can bring when applied to subjects in Armenia.' Topics covered include arts, sports, politics and culture.

Armenian Assembly of America (United States)
'The Armenian Assembly of America is a nationwide nonprofit organization established in 1972 and headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Assembly promotes public awareness of Armenian issues, encourages greater Armenian-American participation in the American democratic process, and assists in humanitarian and development programs in Armenia.' Its official website describes its structure, programs, initiatives and other information related to its mission.

Armenian Freedom Network
'Armenian Freedom Network's (AFN) mission is to encourage, stimulate and coalesce contemporary and progressive Armenian cultural, social and political thought throughout the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian Diaspora, with the goal of promoting free, democratic and civil society in Armenia, and a coherent Armenian identity throughout the entire Armenian nation. Armenian Freedom Network is a non-partisan, non-profit organization and does not support any individual candidate or party.' The site is in English and offers alternative commentaries from Erevan on all aspects of Armenia's political life.

Armenian National Committee of America (United States)
'The Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) is the largest and most influential Armenian American grassroots political organization. Working in coordination with a network of offices, chapters and supporters throughout the United States and affiliated organizations around the world, the ANCA actively advances the concerns of the Armenian American community on a broad range of issues.' Its official website describes its structure, initiatives and other information related to its mission. It also presents digitized issues of its important monthly serial, Transcaucasus: A Chronology.

Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Armenia)
The official website of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation - Dashnaktsutiune (Armenian Socialist Party) presents in both English and Armenian information about it and its activities as well as digitized versions of its official journals and publications, such Droshak.

Association of Investigative Journalists of Armenia
'The "Association of Investigative Journalists", a non-governmental organization was founded on July 29, 2000. The primary goal of the organization is to assist the development of investigative journalism in Armenia, to strengthen and develop the freedom of speech and democratic principles. It mission is to promote development of investigative journalism in Armenia, to assist everybody's right to access to information, to promote establishment and development of the principles of ethics in Journalism, to cover issues related environment and human rights protection, to protect journalists' rights in Armenia. ' The site presents events, links, and commentaries on the state of journalism within the Republic of Armenia.

AsylumLaw.org
"Run by an international consortium of agencies that help asylum seekers in Australia, Canada, the United States, and several countries in Europe. Over 95% of the content on this site is open to the public, including asylum seekers from any country and the lawyers or advocates who represent them."

Azat Artsakh
The daily paper of the government of the Republic of Nagorno Karabakh is trilingual (English, Armenian and Russian). Downloadable fonts are made available to readers.

BISNIS (Business Information Service for the Newly Independent States
Maintained by the U.S. Department of Commerce, BISNIS is the U. S. Government's primary resource center for companies exploring in Russia and other newly independent state which were formerly part of the USSR.

Center for Strategic and International Studies
A Washington, DC based think-tank which sponsors seminars and conferences and issues reports on terrorism, United States foreign policy, and several regions of the world including the Middle East and Africa.

Central Asia Studies Worldwide
Sponsored by the Harvard Program on Central Asia and the Caucasus, CASWW provides extensive resources for the scholarly study of Central Asia and the Caucasus.

Constitutional Court of Armenia
This tri-lingual (Armenian, Russian, and English) official website provides in Armenian, English, and Russian texts of the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, laws related to the Court and its functions, relevant legal texts, and information about its conferences, foreign relations, and publications.

Encyclopedia.com
From the Electronic Library, searching the Encyclopedia.com by country provides numerous narrative articles on its history, culture, politics.

EurasiaNet.org
Operated by the Central Eurasia Project of the Open Society Institute and based in new York, 'EurasiaNet provides information and analysis about political, economic, environmental and social developments in the countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus, as well as in Russia, the Middle East, and Southwest Asia. The web site also offers additional features, including newsmaker interviews, book reviews and a discussion forum.'

European Armenian Federation for Justice
French, English and Armenian language homepage of a European based organization whose aim is to promote a European approach to Armenian issues.

Federation of American Scientists
The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) "is the oldest organization dedicated to ending the worldwide arms race, achieving complete nuclear disarmament, and avoiding the use of nuclear weapons for any purpose." Whatever one's views are on its goals, a search of the site yields valuable information on a country's armament found only with difficulty elsewhere.

Global IDP Project
"Raising awareness on the plight of people internally displaced by conflict."

Government of Armenia Official Website (Armenia)
The official site of the Government of the Republic of Armenia, in either English or Armenian, describes the governmental structure, identifies office holders and provides essential links to various governmental and non-governmental agencies and organizations located in Armenia.

Human Rights Watch
"Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations worldwide." Search its records for reports on the human rights records, abuses, etc. of any given country.

International Foundation for Election Systems
The IFES "provides professional advice and technical assistance in promoting democracy and serves as an information clearinghouse on democratic development." The sites offers reports on anticipated and past elections and progress towards democracy around the world.

Library of Congress Vardanants Day Armenian Lecture Series
This page lists the renowned academic and political speakers who have presented events at this long running lecture series sponsored by the Near East Section of the Library of Congress; it is complemented by the texts and cybercasts of a selection of these.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Armenia)
The English-language website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs provides both general and specific information, speeches and reports about Armenia's foreign relations and its relations to the Armenian Diaspora worldwide.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Nagorno Karabakh)
The English-language website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Nagorno Karabakh (NKR) provides up-to-date information on its foreign policy and politics and government itself with it. It's Diplomatic Bulletin is also available in digital format.

Ministry of Health
The English-language website of Ministry of Health's offers organizational information, descriptions of its initiatives and programs, and links related to health issues within the Republic of Armenia.

Ministry of Industry and Trade (Armenia) 
The official site of the Ministry of Industry and Trade (in English) provides narrative reports on the business climate and opportunities, links related to investment, and the laws relating to foreign investment in the Republic of Armenia.

Ministry of State Property Management (Armenia)
Funded by the USIA, the English language website of the Ministry provides information on privatization and opportunities for investment in the Republic of Armenia.

Office of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic: Washington, DC
The officially English language site of the Office of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic supplies, along with basic information about NKR, news reports, photographic galleries, and the monthly Artsakh Newsletter.

Parliament of the Republic of Armenia
This tri-lingual (Armenian, English, and Russian) official site describes the structure, membership, and duties of Armenia's parliament as well news reports and information on international relations.

Permanent Missions To The United Nations
This English language home page offers statements of mission, policy, articles, and other vital information relating to individual countries' missions to the United Nations.

Political Resources on the Net
Website covers all aspects of government, the ministries, the political parties, elections, as well as the news media.

The President of the Republic of Armenia (Armenia)
The President of Armenia's official website presents in Armenian, English, and Russian messages from, daily news reports about, and links and other information concerning the president and the presidency.

Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
From Questia Media America, Inc. for academics, students, librarians, publishers and a wide variety of researchers, 'Questia is the first online library that provides 24/7 access to the world's largest online collection of books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences, plus magazine and newspaper articles. You can search each and every word of all of the books and journal articles in the collection.' A search under country name yields a wide variety of bibliographic citations. Full text is often available to subscribers.

Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (Armenia)
At present this English-language official website of the oldest of the Armenian political parties provides minimalist narrative about its history along with a small collections of documents.
The Times of Central Asia (http://www.times.kg/)
Published in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, TCA 'was launched in 1999 and is the only site offering an extended and constantly updated coverage of news in Central Asia. The site is an essential resource for international English-speaking viewers who have a professional interest in the region." Coverage extends from the Caucasian countries through those of Central Asia.

U.S. Committee for Refugees
Founded in 1958 to complement the UN's mission to aid refugees, the USCR's site offes brief and detailed reports on refugee status in and from the countries of the world.

UNRISD On-Line (U.N. Research Institute for Social Development)
"UNRISD carries out research on the social dimensions of contemporary problems affecting development. Through its research, UNRISD stimulates dialogue and contributes to policy debates within and outside the United Nations system.

United Nations
The official site of the United Nations provides articles, reports, etc. in several languages on all aspects of the initiatives and mission of that organization as well as on the contemporary life, culture, society, international relations, etc. of all the countries and peoples of the world.

United States Committee for Refugees (USCR)
Founded in 1958 to complement the UN's initiative to aid refugees, the USCR's site offers brief and detailed reports on refugee status in and from the various countries of the world.

United States. Department of State
Numerous documents concerning diplomatic and international relations, travel advice and warnings relating to the countries of the world are available on the State Department's official site by searching under a particular country's name.

United States. Library of Congress Country Studies
A series published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Studies Handbook Program sponsored by the Department of the Army.

Washington Institute for Near East Policy
"Founded in 1985, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy is a public educational foundation dedicated to scholarly research and informed debate on U.S. interests in the Middle East."

The World Bank Group
A search by country yields numerous English language reports on the economic development of regions of the world and the World Bank Groups' advice, initiatives and warnings concerning them.

World Statesmen
"World Statesmen is an attempt at a comprehensive and accurate list of the heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders occupying neither of those formal positions) for all countries and territories, going back to about 1700 or in some cases earlier. Some go further back, some only from their creation. Some subdivisions of some countries are present including native or traditional polities, provinces, or states. This sight also lists the leaders of international, religious, and governmental organizations." Searchable by leader or by nation, offers a map of the country, audio and text versions of the national anthem, and text of the national constitution for most countries.

World Trade Organization
Headquartered in Switzerland the WTO, made up of member governments from around the globe, is dedicated to topics concerning international trade and development. Its English language "website contains material for a range of users, from the general public to students, academics and trade specialists. It includes introductions to WTO activities and a large database of official documents."

Worldwide Governments on the WWW  
Provides links to governmental institutions and political parties around the world.

Health

CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The US CDC issues health warnings and advisories and related materials for countries around the world.

Development Gateway Country Overview
"The Development Gateway helps communities, organizations, and individuals build partnerships, share ideas, and work together to reduce poverty." Search by development projects as well as by country to identify additional web sites and documents.

Fund For Armenian Relief
"The Fund for Armenian Relief (FAR) was founded after the devastating earthquake which struck North-Western Armenia in December 1988. As the humanitarian arm of the Diocese of the Armenian Church of America, it was originally known as the Diocesan Fund for Armenia's Recovery (DFAR). In February 1993, FAR was formally reorganized into a Private Voluntary. FAR is headquartered in New York City and has branch offices in Yerevan and Gyumri, Armenia as well as Stepanakert in Nagorno Karabagh. Since its inception, FAR has channeled over $200 million in humanitarian assistance to Armenia." Its English language site provides reports, links, discussions of humanitarian assistance and documentation of ongoing relief programs.

International Committee of the Red Cross
A search of this English language version of the ICRC site provides reports on the current humanitarian initiatives of this organization in any given country.

Ministry of Health
The English-language website of Ministry of Health's offers organizational information, descriptions of its initiatives and programs, and links related to health issues within the Republic of Armenia.

Republican Scientific-Medical Library (Armenia)
Located in Yerevan, Armenia, the 'Republican Scientific-Medical Library (RSML) is the largest library, bibliographic and information services center to the medical community of Armenia.' Its extensive official website, in English, details its structure, services and catalogs and offers important links to other electronic resources and news and information related to health and medicine.

Safety and Health During international Travel
This bulletin, published on the web site of the Office of Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) of the U.S. Department of Labor, is designed to alert international business and other professional travelers to possible dangers and hazards which might be found at their destinations. Suggestions are given for safety and links are provided to sites with additional advice to the travelers. The bulletin is published in pdf format and requires appropriate software, such as Acrobat, for viewing.

United Nations
The official site of the United Nations provides articles, reports, etc. in several languages on all aspects of the initiatives and mission of that organization as well as on the contemporary life, culture, society, international relations, etc. of all the countries and peoples of the world.

United States National Library of Medicine
The official web site of the U.S. National Library of Medicine provides access to their online catalog, medical reports, bibliographies, travel cautions, and a variety of information relating to the medical sciences and situation both in the United States and for countries around the world.

World Health Organization
The official site of the WHO offers text in English, French or Spanish on its mission and health initiatives, programs and warnings world wide.

History

American Memory (The Library of Congress)
The Library of Congress' American Memory 'is gateway to rich primary source materials relating to the history and culture of the United States. The site offers more than 7 million digital items from more than 100 historical collections.' A search under "Armenia" will yield a relatively small but nonetheless important selection of digitized manuscript materials, photographs, maps, and audio recordings from the Library's collections

Armenia House
The non-profit 'ArmenianHouse.org is an electronic library featuring a huge collection of documents on Armenian literature, history, religion and anything else Armenia-related.' While the home page is trilingual (English, Armenian and Russian) texts are available in Armenian and Russian. The purpose is to provide an electronic library of the full range of Armenian literature while helping young authors publish electronically.

Armenian National Institute (United States)
The Washington-based Armenian National Institute is dedicated to the study and documentation of the Armenian Genocide. ANI's website reproduces textual and visual documents and offers additional information about its organization and programs in support of its mission.

Armenian Research Center (United States)
Associated with the University of Michigan's campus in Dearborn, Michigan, 'The Armenian Research Center was established for the documentation and the publication of materials in the field of Armenian studies and affairs.' Its website provides information on its structure, collections, services and outreach initiatives as well as providing links to and information on various aspects of Armenian scholarship.

Classical Armenian Literature
This website reproduces important Mediaeval Armenian textual materials. Fonts for both PC and Macintosh are made available for downloading.

Encyclopedia.com
From the Electronic Library, searching the Encyclopedia.com by country provides numerous narrative articles on its history, culture, politics.

International Association for Armenian Studies (AIEA)
This bilingual (French and English) site of the Association Internationale des Etudes Armeniennes, a group dedicated to the scholarly study of all aspects of Armenian history, life and culture, presents academic tools, links, information about its structure and membership, publications, and news on conferences, workshops, and other events involving Armenian Studies.

Manuscript Division (The Library of Congress)
With over 50,000,000 items in its collections, the Manuscript Division offers researchers a great variety of primary sources. Among these for Armenian Studies, for instance, are the papers of Henry Morgenthau, Sr. ambassador to the Ottoman Empire during World War I, of American missionaries in the Ottoman Empire, and of other renowned Americans, either in the government or private citizens.

Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts
This is the bilingual (Armenian and English) site of the manuscript library known simply as The Matenedaran, located in Erevan, the capital of the Republic of Armenia, the largest repository of ancient and mediaeval Armenian manuscripts in the world. The site describes, among other headings, collections, programs, fund-raising initiatives and information for scholars who need to use its resources.

Official Armenia - Diaspora Home Page
This English language site sponsored by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its Armenia-Diaspora Conference offers extensive information, news reports, job opportunities, services, outreach and more concerning the Republic's relations with the large and influential Armenian Diaspora.

Prints and Photographs Division (The Library of Congress)
A search under "Armenia' in the online catalog provided by the Prints and Photographs Division results in a selection of historically important digitized photographs and graphic materials from this rich collection.

Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
From Questia Media America, Inc. for academics, students, librarians, publishers and a wide variety of researchers, 'Questia is the first online library that provides 24/7 access to the world's largest online collection of books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences, plus magazine and newspaper articles. You can search each and every word of all of the books and journal articles in the collection.' A search under country name yields a wide variety of bibliographic citations. Full text is often available to subscribers.

Society for Armenian Studies (United States)
The Society of Armenian Studies is the United States-based scholarly organization dedicated to the study of all aspects of Armenian life and culture. Its website describes its mission, membership, publications and sponsored events.

United States. Library of Congress Country Studies
A series published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Studies Handbook Program sponsored by the Department of the Army.

Virtual Ani
A tour through the toponomy, history, and monumental remains of one of the Mediaeval capital of Bagratid Armenia.

World Statesmen
"World Statesmen is an attempt at a comprehensive and accurate list of the heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders occupying neither of those formal positions) for all countries and territories, going back to about 1700 or in some cases earlier. Some go further back, some only from their creation. Some subdivisions of some countries are present including native or traditional polities, provinces, or states. This sight also lists the leaders of international, religious, and governmental organizations." Searchable by leader or by nation, offers a map of the country, audio and text versions of the national anthem, and text of the national constitution for most countries.

Zoryan Institute (United States and Canada)
Founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1982, The Zoryan Institute for Contemporary Armenian Research and Documentation, and The Zoryan Institute of Canada, Inc., (incorporated in Toronto in 1984) together form a non-profit research institute 'devoted to the documentation, study, and dissemination of material related to the life of the Armenian people in the recent past and the present, and within the context of larger world affairs.' It's website discusses the Institute's structure, mission, publications, sponsored events, and services.

Language, Literature

Armenia House
The non-profit 'ArmenianHouse.org is an electronic library featuring a huge collection of documents on Armenian literature, history, religion and anything else Armenia-related.' While the home page is trilingual (English, Armenian and Russian) texts are available in Armenian and Russian. The purpose is to provide an electronic library of the full range of Armenian literature while helping young authors publish electronically.

Classical Armenian Literature
This website reproduces important Mediaeval Armenian textual materials. Fonts for both PC and Macintosh are made available for downloading.

Ethnologue
Searching this comprehensive English language ethnological site by country name will yield lists and articles of the languages and linguistic groups spoken and read in it.

International Association for Armenian Studies (AIEA)
This bilingual (French and English) site of the Association Internationale des Etudes Armeniennes, a group dedicated to the scholarly study of all aspects of Armenian history, life and culture, presents academic tools, links, information about its structure and membership, publications, and news on conferences, workshops, and other events involving Armenian Studies.

Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts
This is the bilingual (Armenian and English) site of the manuscript library known simply as The Matenedaran, located in Erevan, the capital of the Republic of Armenia, the largest repository of ancient and mediaeval Armenian manuscripts in the world. The site describes, among other headings, collections, programs, fund-raising initiatives and information for scholars who need to use its resources.

Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
From Questia Media America, Inc. for academics, students, librarians, publishers and a wide variety of researchers, 'Questia is the first online library that provides 24/7 access to the world's largest online collection of books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences, plus magazine and newspaper articles. You can search each and every word of all of the books and journal articles in the collection.' A search under country name yields a wide variety of bibliographic citations. Full text is often available to subscribers.

Society for Armenian Studies (United States)
The Society of Armenian Studies is the United States-based scholarly organization dedicated to the study of all aspects of Armenian life and culture. Its website describes its mission, membership, publications and sponsored events.

Libraries, Archives

American Memory (The Library of Congress)
The Library of Congress' American Memory 'is gateway to rich primary source materials relating to the history and culture of the United States. The site offers more than 7 million digital items from more than 100 historical collections.' A search under "Armenia" will yield a relatively small but nonetheless important selection of digitized manuscript materials, photographs, maps, and audio recordings from the Library's collections.

Armenia House
The non-profit 'ArmenianHouse.org is an electronic library featuring a huge collection of documents on Armenian literature, history, religion and anything else Armenia-related.' While the home page is trilingual (English, Armenian and Russian) texts are available in Armenian and Russian. The purpose is to provide an electronic library of the full range of Armenian literature while helping young authors publish electronically.

Armenian Architecture (Rensselaer Architecture Library)
Select photographs of important Mediaeval Armenian architecture from the extensive set of microfiche prepared by Prof. Vazken L. Parsegian are reproduced in this page maintained by the Rennsselaer Architecture Library.

Armenian Library & Museum of America
The website of ALMA, a museum and library located in Watertown, Massachusetts, and dedicated to Armenian life and culture, provides information about its collections and services. An online catalog of its holdings is now in preparation.

Armenian Library Association
The Armenian Library Association's official website, in English, offers up-to-date information on all aspects of the structure and mission of this very important organization which is dedicated to strengthening libraries throughout Armenia and fostering cooperation between them and libraries through-out the Caucasus and the world in general.

Armenian Library Consortium
Funded by the Open Society Institute (Soros Foundation), this ambitious and vital undertaking is involved with making the contents of Armenia's libraries, both bibliographic records and texts, available digitally to the world. Records are in both English and in Armenian script using UNICODE. The project will eventually have a catalog of Armenia's holdings, a union catalog of world holdings, digitized texts, and other aspects of a modern digitized library.

Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
The official English-language website of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem provides information about the Patriarchate's history, mission, structure, library, and services.

Armenian Research Center (United States)
Associated with the University of Michigan's campus in Dearborn, Michigan, 'The Armenian Research Center was established for the documentation and the publication of materials in the field of Armenian studies and affairs.' Its website provides information on its structure, collections, services and outreach initiatives as well as providing links to and information on various aspects of Armenian scholarship.

Classical Armenian Literature
This website reproduces important Mediaeval Armenian textual materials. Fonts for both PC and Macintosh are made available for downloading.

Electronic Library Consortium of Armenia
'The main objective of ELCA is to ensure and extend access of organizations in Armenia to constantly expanding international market of electronic scientific publications on precise, natural sciences and humanities as well as regularization and optimization of subscription terms for these resources. The Consortium was set up with financial support from the Open Society Institute (Soros Foundation) and is a non-commercial alliance of legal entities which aims at bringing together all non-commercial organizations in Armenia concerned with efficient and mutually-beneficial use of electronic information sources accessible through telecom networks.' Its English language homepage provides basic information about its membership and programs.

Internet Access and Training Program
IATP is a program for the countries of the U.S. Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State, which is funded under the Freedom Support Act and Administered by the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) to help the post Soviet countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia 'strengthen indigenous institutions by providing US government program alumni and others in Eurasia with free and open Internet access and training in the use of electronic mail and the Internet."

Library of Congress Vardanants Day Armenian Lecture Series
This page lists the renowned academic and political speakers who have presented events at this long running lecture series sponsored by the Near East Section of the Library of Congress; it is complemented by the texts and cybercasts of a selection of these.

Library of Congress/American Library Association Armenian Transliteration Table
To successfully search Armenian language materials in the online catalogs of the Library of Congress, you must use the system of Romanization adopted by the Library and by the American Library Association. The chart presently in use is given here in pdf format.

Manuscript Division (The Library of Congress)
With over 50,000,000 items in its collections, the Manuscript Division offers researchers a great variety of primary sources. Among these for Armenian Studies, for instance, are the papers of Henry Morgenthau, Sr. ambassador to the Ottoman Empire during World War I, of American missionaries in the Ottoman Empire, and of other renowned Americans, either in the government or private citizens.

Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts
This is the bilingual (Armenian and English) site of the manuscript library known simply as The Matenedaran, located in Erevan, the capital of the Republic of Armenia, the largest repository of ancient and mediaeval Armenian manuscripts in the world. The site describes, among other headings, collections, programs, fund-raising initiatives and information for scholars who need to use its resources.

Mekhitarist Congregations (Vienna, Venice)
Haygazian University, founded in l955 by the Union of Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East (UAECNE) and the Armenian Missionary Association of America (AMAA), is an Armenian institution of higher learning located in Beirut, Lebanon. Its website, in English, offers complete information about its mission, courses, and activities.

National Library of Armenia
The official website of the National Library of Armenia, located in Yerevan, provides information in English, Armenian and Russian, about its collections, services, programs, and exhibitions.

OACIS for the Middle East
'OACIS for the Middle East (Online Access to Consolidated Information on Serials) is a union list of serials from or about the Middle East. The mission of OACIS is to improve access to Middle Eastern serials in libraries in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East.' The site is fully searchable by title and subject.

Princeton University Library: Near Eastern Studies Resources
Princeton Library's site dedicated to Near Eastern Studies provides not only invaluable information about Princeton's programs and collections, but also extensive links to sites (libraries, universities, institutes, think tanks, directories, gateways, newspapers, etc.) around the world concerning all aspects of the discipline.

Republican Scientific-Medical Library (Armenia)
Located in Yerevan, Armenia, the 'Republican Scientific-Medical Library (RSML) is the largest library, bibliographic and information services center to the medical community of Armenia.' Its extensive official website, in English, details its structure, services and catalogs and offers important links to other electronic resources and news and information related to health and medicine.

UCLA Library Collections & Internet Resources
The University of California Library Collections and Internet Resources in Middle Eastern, Arab, Islamic, Armenian and Central Asian studies.

Listservs, Newsgroups

Armenian News Network
Groong disseminates daily hundreds of articles from around the world relating to all aspects of Armenia and the countries which surround and interact with it.

Media and Communications

Agos (Turkey)
The website of Agos, an Armenian newspaper published Istanbul, Turkey, offers information about it and news from it in Armenian, Turkish, and English. Fonts are made available for downloading.

Aravot Daily (Armenia)
The website of Agos, an Armenian newspaper published Istanbul, Turkey, offers information about it and news from it in Armenian, Turkish, and English. Fonts are made available for downloading.

ArmeniaNow.com
Appearing every Friday in English, 'ArmeniaNow.com is published by New Times Journalism Training Center, a Non-Governmental Organization in Yerevan, Armenia. The weekly website exists as a newsroom laboratory in which journalists and editors in Armenia are taught the application of methodology and theory of Western journalism. Our goal is to produce real change in the approach of local journalists by immersing them in long-term training that makes clear how Western-style reporting works and what benefits it can bring when applied to subjects in Armenia.' Topics covered include arts, sports, politics and culture.

Armenian Freedom Network
'Armenian Freedom Network's (AFN) mission is to encourage, stimulate and coalesce contemporary and progressive Armenian cultural, social and political thought throughout the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian Diaspora, with the goal of promoting free, democratic and civil society in Armenia, and a coherent Armenian identity throughout the entire Armenian nation. Armenian Freedom Network is a non-partisan, non-profit organization and does not support any individual candidate or party.' The site is in English and offers alternative commentaries from Erevan on all aspects of Armenia's political life.

Armenian News Network
Groong disseminates daily hundreds of articles from around the world relating to all aspects of Armenia and the countries which surround and interact with it.

Armenian Newspapers
This site provides full retrieval text of a selection of contemporary Armenian newspapers in Armenian, English and Russian.

The Armenian Weekly Online
The English-language Armenian Weekly Online is issued by the Hairenik Association in Watertown, Massachusetts. Readers may register to receive weekly updates on articles and news items about Armenia and the Armenian Diaspora.

Arminfo News Agency
Yerevan-based, Arminfo is an independent news agency whose website, in either English or Russian, gives up-to-the-day news headlines. A subscription is required.

Asbarez Armenian Daily Newspaper (United States)
Asbarez is the official publication of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Western United States Central Committee, and mainly serves the more than 500,000 strong Armenian-American community in the Western states.' A free one-time registration of your email address is required, after which you have access both to its recent and archival articles (in English).

Association of Investigative Journalists of Armenia
'The "Association of Investigative Journalists", a non-governmental organization was founded on July 29, 2000. The primary goal of the organization is to assist the development of investigative journalism in Armenia, to strengthen and develop the freedom of speech and democratic principles. It mission is to promote development of investigative journalism in Armenia, to assist everybody's right to access to information, to promote establishment and development of the principles of ethics in Journalism, to cover issues related environment and human rights protection, to protect journalists' rights in Armenia. ' The site presents events, links, and commentaries on the state of journalism within the Republic of Armenia.

Azat Artsakh
The daily paper of the government of the Republic of Nagorno Karabakh is trilingual (English, Armenian and Russian). Downloadable fonts are made available to readers.

Azg Daily (Armenia)
The website of Azg Daily, published in Yerevan, Armenia, provides today's news stories in Armenian, Russian, English and Turkish, as well as access to its archives. Armenian fonts are made available for downloading.

BBC World Service.com
Searching this site by country or by topic, offers a choice of news headlines, country profiles, and additional web links on specific aspects such as sports.

Caucasus Media Institute
Located in Yerevan, Armenia, the Caucasus Media Institute 'provides premier vocational training and resources for journalists in a post-graduate setting. It offers access to databases, news archives and library; workshops on contemporary issues; research on politics, economics and social studies; international and regional cooperation, and job opportunities for interns, academics and professors.' Offered in English and Russian, its home page provides information on the activities and publications of the center.

Committee to Protect Journalists
Searching this site results in a list of recent documents from a number of web sites concerning media activities and press freedom in many countries.

Internews Armenia
'Internews is an international non-profit organization that supports open media worldwide. The company fosters independent media in emerging democracies, produces innovative television and radio programming and Internet content, and uses the media to reduce conflict within and between countries.' Its website furnishes indispensable information on all aspects of media (TV, radio, mass media) in the Republic of Armenia.

Marmara (Istanbul)
The official website of one of the Istanbul Armenian community's most influential newspapers, Nor Marmara, makes Armenian fonts available for downloading.

Massis Weekly
This is the website of the online version of the official Armenian-language weekly newspaper of the Social Democrat Hunchak. Fonts are made available for downloading through its webmaster.

NetArmenie
French language portal site with additional news items and features from and about Armenia and its Diaspora, again organized by subject.

Noyan Tapan Information Center (Armenia)
This important website of the Noyan Tapan News Agency provides a variety of useful information and links on all aspects of media and life in contemporary Armenia as well as the text of its English language weekly news highlights from Armenia.

Office of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic: Washington, DC
The officially English language site of the Office of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic supplies, along with basic information about NKR, news reports, photographic galleries, and the monthly Artsakh Newsletter.

PanArmenian Network (UK)
This website, available in English, Armenian and Russian, offers daily headlines, news reports and articles about Armenia. Downloadable Armenian fonts are made available.

Radio Free Europe
This official site of the RFL/RL Armenian service provides not only the text of its daily reports, but also access to its archives and to its radio broadcasts both in English and in Armenian.

The Times of Central Asia
Published in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, TCA 'was launched in 1999 and is the only site offering an extended and constantly updated coverage of news in Central Asia. The site is an essential resource for international English-speaking viewers who have a professional interest in the region." Coverage extends from the Caucasian countries through those of Central Asia.

Transcaucasus: A Chronology (Armenian National Committee-United States)
A monthly journal which presents a daily chronology of events in Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan.

Washingtonpost.com: World 
Search by country to find recent articles appearing in this newspaper.

Organizations

American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
'The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies (AAASS) is a nonprofit, nonpolitical, scholarly society which is the leading private organization dedicated to the advancement of knowledge about Russia, Central Eurasia, and Eastern and Central Europe.'

Armenia International Involvement Links
This page presented by Eurasianet provides links to the websites of the most active international organizations presently operating in Armenia.

Armenian Assembly of America (United States)
'The Armenian Assembly of America is a nationwide nonprofit organization established in 1972 and headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Assembly promotes public awareness of Armenian issues, encourages greater Armenian-American participation in the American democratic process, and assists in humanitarian and development programs in Armenia.' Its official website describes its structure, programs, initiatives and other information related to its mission.

Armenian Engineers & Scientists of America
The American-based AESA - the 'Armenian Engineers and Scientists of America, Inc.- is committed to address the professional, technical, and scientific needs of fellow Armenians throughout the world.' The website provides a variety of materials related to the fulfilment of its mission.

Armenian General Benevolent Union
Established in 1906, this philanthropic organization's mission is 'to preserve and promote the Armenian identity and heritage through educational, cultural and humanitarian programs.' Its home page describes its programs, connects to international AGBU sites, and offers descriptions of all aspects of its activities both in the Republic of Armenia and throughout the Armenian Diaspora.

Armenian National Committee of America (United States)
'The Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) is the largest and most influential Armenian American grassroots political organization. Working in coordination with a network of offices, chapters and supporters throughout the United States and affiliated organizations around the world, the ANCA actively advances the concerns of the Armenian American community on a broad range of issues.' Its official website describes its structure, initiatives and other information related to its mission. It also presents digitized issues of its important monthly serial, Transcaucasus: A Chronology.

Armenian National Institute (United States)
The Washington-based Armenian National Institute is dedicated to the study and documentation of the Armenian Genocide. ANI's website reproduces textual and visual documents and offers additional information about its organization and programs in support of its mission.

Armenian Network of America
'The Armenian Network of America, Inc. ® is a professionally-based community organization that provides a forum for people to interact and communicate through.' The site is broken down by regions (Boston, New York, Chicago, Washington) and provides links, calendars, events and forums.

Armenian Relief Society, Inc
'As an independent, non-governmental and non-sectarian organization -- and an NGO on the Roster in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations -- with affiliate entities in 24 different countries serving the social and educational needs of Armenian communities everywhere, seeking to preserve the cultural identity of the Armenian nation, and, whenever and wherever the need arises, to bring humanitarian help to all communities in distress -- Armenian and non-Armenian alike.' The ARS homepage furnishes basic information about it, a calendar of events, and their periodical Hai Sird in PDF format.

Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Armenia)
The official website of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation - Dashnaktsutiune (Armenian Socialist Party) presents in both English and Armenian information about it and its activities as well as digitized versions of its official journals and publications, such Droshak.

Armenian Students' Association (United States) 
'The purposes of this Association are educational and charitable, in that it shall encourage educational pursuits by Armenians in America and the raising of their intellectual standards, provide financial assistance in the form of scholarships and loans to deserving Armenian students, develop fellowship among them, cultivate in them the spirit of service in the public interest, and acquaint them and the entire American community with Armenian culture.' The ASA's website gives information about its scholarships and awards, its members and its programs.

AsylumLaw.org
"Run by an international consortium of agencies that help asylum seekers in Australia, Canada, the United States, and several countries in Europe. Over 95% of the content on this site is open to the public, including asylum seekers from any country and the lawyers or advocates who represent them."

Business Information of Armenia
Spyur is an ' information and inquiry service that collects, processes and disseminates information about companies and organizations of Armenia." Its site (available in English and Russian) provides among its services directories and links to organizations, government agencies, and businesses.

Caucasus Environmental NGO Network - CENN
'The Caucasus Environmental NGO Network (CENN) is non-governmental, non-profitable organization, which aims to foster regional cooperation by means of improved communication among environmental organizations of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia.' A subscription based service, readers have access to a newsletter and information on all aspects of environmental concerns in the Caucasus.

Committee to Protect Journalists
Searching this site results in a list of recent documents from a number of web sites concerning media activities and press freedom in many countries.

Development Gateway Country Overview
"The Development Gateway helps communities, organizations, and individuals build partnerships, share ideas, and work together to reduce poverty." Search by development projects as well as by country to identify additional web sites and documents.

The Eurasia Foundation
Located in Washington, DC the Eurasia Foundation 'is a privately managed grantmaking organization dedicated to funding programs that build democratic and free market institutions in the twelve New Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union -- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.' The site includes reports on the various NIS countries as well as information on grants and other economic and financial matters.

European Armenian Federation for Justice
French, English and Armenian language homepage of a European based organization whose aim is to promote a European approach to Armenian issues.

Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
Includes the foundation's publications, information on grants, museums, exhibitions and information on Armenian communities. Also provides covers of past newsletters. In Portuguese and English.

International Association for Armenian Studies (AIEA)
This bilingual (French and English) site of the Association Internationale des Etudes Armeniennes, a group dedicated to the scholarly study of all aspects of Armenian history, life and culture, presents academic tools, links, information about its structure and membership, publications, and news on conferences, workshops, and other events involving Armenian Studies.

International Committee of the Red Cross
A search of this English language version of the ICRC site provides reports on the current humanitarian initiatives of this organization in any given country.

Internews Armenia
'Internews is an international non-profit organization that supports open media worldwide. The company fosters independent media in emerging democracies, produces innovative television and radio programming and Internet content, and uses the media to reduce conflict within and between countries.' Its website furnishes indispensable information on all aspects of media (TV, radio, mass media) in the Republic of Armenia.

Middle East Studies Association (MESA)
MESA's website provides news, descriptions of activities, lists of members, dates of conferences and other relevant information concerning this United States-based organizations dedicated to the study of all aspects of the countries, regions and peoples of the Middle East.

NGO Training and Resource Center (Armenia)
This website of the Armenian Assembly of America, Inc.'s NGO Training Center, located in Yerevan, Armenia, offers information about, lists of, and discussions concerning NGOs presently operating in the Republic of Armenia.

National Academy of Sciences of Armenia
The English-language official website of the National Academy of Sciences in Yerevan, Armenia, provides information on its organization, divisions, membership, staff and activities.

Society for Armenian Studies (United States) 
The Society of Armenian Studies is the United States-based scholarly organization dedicated to the study of all aspects of Armenian life and culture. Its website describes its mission, membership, publications and sponsored events.

United States Committee for Refugees (USCR)
Founded in 1958 to complement the UN's initiative to aid refugees, the USCR's site offers brief and detailed reports on refugee status in and from the various countries of the world.

World Vision Armenia
'World Vision is an international Christian relief and development organization working to promote the well-being of all people-especially children. "Search its index for contact information, reports of activities, and news involved in the relief effort of the countries where the organization has branches."

Zoryan Institute (United States and Canada)
Founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1982, The Zoryan Institute for Contemporary Armenian Research and Documentation, and The Zoryan Institute of Canada, Inc., (incorporated in Toronto in 1984) together form a non-profit research institute 'devoted to the documentation, study, and dissemination of material related to the life of the Armenian people in the recent past and the present, and within the context of larger world affairs.' It's website discusses the Institute's structure, mission, publications, sponsored events, and services.

Recreation and Travel

Hayastan.com: Armenian Internet Portal
An extensive, popular portal to Armenian sites, which provides links under a variety of subjects as well as music downloads, dating information, chat, fora, and even an Armenian-English, English-Armenian translator.

Lonely Planet - Destinations
Search by country to find information on travel, attractions, history, culture, and environment. of that location.

Rediscover Armenia Guide
This excellent guidebook to the Republic of Armenia by Brady Kiesling, and edited by Raffi Kojian describes the country and its monuments region by region. The site also includes maps and photographs as well as a great variety of useful information for those touring Armenia.

Safety and Health During international Travel
This bulletin, published on the web site of the Office of Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) of the U.S. Department of Labor, is designed to alert international business and other professional travelers to possible dangers and hazards which might be found at their destinations. Suggestions are given for safety and links are provided to sites with additional advice to the travelers. The bulletin is published in pdf format and requires appropriate software, such as Acrobat, for viewing.

Tour Armenia
TourArmenia is, in essence, an online English-language travel and guide magazine to Armenia. A great variety of information, from visa requirements, to recommended regions to visit, to travel warnings, complement the popular articles describing travel destinations.

Travel Document Systems
A source for information about the documents required for travel to a particular country. The forms themselves are offered in PDF format as well as basic travel information.

United States. Department of State
Numerous documents concerning diplomatic and international relations, travel advice and warnings relating to the countries of the world are available on the State Department's official site by searching under a particular country's name.

World Health Organization
The official site of the WHO offers text in English, French or Spanish on its mission and health initiatives, programs and warnings world wide.

Religion and Philosophy

Adherents.com
"Adherents.com is a growing collection of over 41,000 adherent statistics and religious geography citations -- references to published membership/adherent statistics and congregation statistics for over 4,200 religions, churches, denominations, religious bodies, faith groups, tribes, cultures, movements, ultimate concerns, etc... Data [is presented] from both primary research sources such as government census reports, statistical sampling surveys and organizational reporting, as well as citations from secondary literature which mention adherent statistics." Database is searchable by the name of the religion (denomination, sect) or by location.

The Armenian Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia
The English-language official website of the Armenian Catholicosate in Cilicia (modern Lebanon) provides complete information, both historical and contemporary, on its history, mission, and function. The site also provides an online journal, list of publications, and information about its important library.

The Armenian Church (Diocese, New York)
This official site of the Diocese of the Armenian Church of North America provides a list of the churches under its jurisdiction in the United States, a church calendar, press releases, messages, and prayers of the Archbishop, and site searching capability for other matters relating to the activities of the Armenian Church.

Armenian Church Directory
This useful web site gives the addresses to the Catholicosates, Patriarchates, archbishoprics and churches of the Armenian Church throughout the world.

Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
The official English-language website of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem provides information about the Patriarchate's history, mission, structure, library, and services.

Armenian Prelacy Home Page (New York)
The official website of the Eastern Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America provides information about its staff, structure and departments, mission, and programs.

Classical Armenian Literature
This website reproduces important Mediaeval Armenian textual materials. Fonts for both PC and Macintosh are made available for downloading.

Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
From Questia Media America, Inc. for academics, students, librarians, publishers and a wide variety of researchers, 'Questia is the first online library that provides 24/7 access to the world's largest online collection of books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences, plus magazine and newspaper articles. You can search each and every word of all of the books and journal articles in the collection.' A search under country name yields a wide variety of bibliographic citations. Full text is often available to subscribers.

Religious Studies Web Guide
Saundra Lipton of the University of Calgary Library and Cheryl Adams of the Library of Congress have constructed a highly useful web guide to resources for the study of religions world-wise. The site allows searches arranged either by format or religious group and provides links to additional sites for the academic study of religion.

St Nersess Armenian Seminary (United States) 
The website of this seminary for the preparation of clergy for the Armenian Apostolic Church, located in New Rochelle, NY, details its academic programs, sponsored events, outreach initiatives, and other materials relevant to the Armenian Church itself.

World Vision Armenia
'World Vision is an international Christian relief and development organization working to promote the well-being of all people-expecially children. "Search its index for contact information, reports of activities, and news involved in the relief effort of the countries where the organization has branches."

Science and Technology

Armenian Engineers & Scientists of America
The American-based AESA - the 'Armenian Engineers and Scientists of America, Inc.- is committed to address the professional, technical, and scientific needs of fellow Armenians throughout the world.' The website provides a variety of materials related to the fulfilment of its mission.

Biodiversity of Armenia
The Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic of Armenia has mounted an important English-language website for those interested and performing research in various biological topics related to Armenia. It offers links to sites regarding and discussions of issues which detail biodiversity, environmental concerns, and national strategies related to these in Armenia.

Federation of American Scientists
The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) "is the oldest organization dedicated to ending the worldwide arms race, achieving complete nuclear disarmament, and avoiding the use of nuclear weapons for any purpose." Whatever one's views are on its goals, a search of the site yields valuable information on a country's armament found only with difficulty elsewhere.

Internet Access and Training Program
IATP is a program for the countries of the U.S. Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State, which is funded under the Freedom Support Act and Administered by the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) to help the post Soviet countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia 'strengthen indigenous institutions by providing US government program alumni and others in Eurasia with free and open Internet access and training in the use of electronic mail and the Internet."

Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
From Questia Media America, Inc. for academics, students, librarians, publishers and a wide variety of researchers, 'Questia is the first online library that provides 24/7 access to the world's largest online collection of books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences, plus magazine and newspaper articles. You can search each and every word of all of the books and journal articles in the collection.' A search under country name yields a wide variety of bibliographic citations. Full text is often available to subscribers.

Republican Scientific-Medical Library (Armenia)
Located in Yerevan, Armenia, the 'Republican Scientific-Medical Library (RSML) is the largest library, bibliographic and information services center to the medical community of Armenia.' Its extensive official website, in English, details its structure, services and catalogs and offers important links to other electronic resources and news and information related to health and medicine.

World Health Organization
The official site of the WHO offers text in English, French or Spanish on its mission and health initiatives, programs and warnings world wide.

Search Engines

Armenia Search
This site is based on the Open Directory Project (ODP) - 'is the most comprehensive human edited directory of the Web, compiled by a vast global community of volunteer editors.'

Google.
Google.com here provides extensive links to various online directories and search engines relating toparticular countries.

ODP - Open Directory Project
Maintained by volunteer editors, this powerful search engine may be searched by subject and country of interest in several languages.

OneWorld.net
Searchable by country, regions and topics. Includes current headlines and special reports.

Princeton University Library: Near Eastern Studies Resources
Princeton Library's site dedicated to Near Eastern Studies provides not only invaluable information about Princeton's programs and collections, but also extensive links to sites (libraries, universities, institutes, think tanks, directories, gateways, newspapers, etc.) around the world concerning all aspects of the discipline.

Society

Amnesty International
'Amnesty International is a worldwide campaigning movement that works to promote all the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international standards.' The English language homepage provides articles on human rights questions and abuses in countries around the globe.

Armenian Development Agency
This English language site of a Erevan-based organization is dedicated to fostering the economic development of and investment in Armenia. Useful information for those interested in investing in Armenia is complemented by a link to the Agency's electronic publication: Forum: Armenian Business Review.

Armenian International Women's Association (International)
The purpose of the AIWA is 'To unite Armenian women worldwide and to address the critical issues facing them everywhere.' Its website offers, in support of this mission, information on its history, structure and programs as well as a bibliography of works in English on Armenian women and links to related resources.

Armenian Relief Society, Inc
'As an independent, non-governmental and non-sectarian organization -- and an NGO on the Roster in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations -- with affiliate entities in 24 different countries serving the social and educational needs of Armenian communities everywhere, seeking to preserve the cultural identity of the Armenian nation, and, whenever and wherever the need arises, to bring humanitarian help to all communities in distress -- Armenian and non-Armenian alike.' The ARS homepage furnishes basic information about it, a calendar of events, and their periodical Hai Sird in PDF format.

AsylumLaw.org
"Run by an international consortium of agencies that help asylum seekers in Australia, Canada, the United States, and several countries in Europe. Over 95% of the content on this site is open to the public, including asylum seekers from any country and the lawyers or advocates who represent them."

Classical Armenian Literature 
This website reproduces important Mediaeval Armenian textual materials. Fonts for both PC and Macintosh are made available for downloading.

Encyclopedia.com
From the Electronic Library, searching the Encyclopedia.com by country provides numerous narrative articles on its history, culture, politics.

Ethnologue  
Searching this comprehensive English language ethnological site by country name will yield lists and articles of the languages and linguistic groups spoken and read in it.

Fund For Armenian Relief
"The Fund for Armenian Relief (FAR) was founded after the devastating earthquake which struck North-Western Armenia in December 1988. As the humanitarian arm of the Diocese of the Armenian Church of America, it was originally known as the Diocesan Fund for Armenia's Recovery (DFAR). In February 1993, FAR was formally reorganized into a Private Voluntary. FAR is headquartered in New York City and has branch offices in Yerevan and Gyumri, Armenia as well as Stepanakert in Nagorno Karabagh. Since its inception, FAR has channeled over $200 million in humanitarian assistance to Armenia." Its English language site provides reports, links, discussions of humanitarian assistance and documentation of ongoing relief programs.

Global IDP Project
"Raising awareness on the plight of people internally displaced by conflict."

Human Rights Watch
'Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations worldwide.' You may search its reports on the human rights records of any country.

International Association for Armenian Studies (AIEA)
This bilingual (French and English) site of the Association Internationale des Etudes Armeniennes, a group dedicated to the scholarly study of all aspects of Armenian history, life and culture, presents academic tools, links, information about its structure and membership, publications, and news on conferences, workshops, and other events involving Armenian Studies.

International Committee of the Red Cross
A search of this English language version of the ICRC site provides reports on the current humanitarian initiatives of this organization in any given country.

International Monetary Fund
The IMF is an "organization of 183 member countries, established to promote international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and orderly exchange; to foster economic growth and high levels of employment; and to provide temporary financial assistance to countries to help ease balance of payments adjustment." A search by country will yield reports on the IMF's initiatives and programs in it.

Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
From Questia Media America, Inc. for academics, students, librarians, publishers and a wide variety of researchers, 'Questia is the first online library that provides 24/7 access to the world's largest online collection of books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences, plus magazine and newspaper articles. You can search each and every word of all of the books and journal articles in the collection.' A search under country name yields a wide variety of bibliographic citations. Full text is often available to subscribers.

U.S. Committee for Refugees
Founded in 1958 to complement the UN's mission to aid refugees, the USCR's site offers brief and detailed reports on refugee status in and from the countries of the world.

UNRISD On-Line (U.N. Research Institute for Social Development)
"UNRISD carries out research on the social dimensions of contemporary problems affecting development. Through its research, UNRISD stimulates dialogue and contributes to policy debates within and outside the United Nations system.

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
"Works for children's rights, their survival, development and protection, guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child." Site offers reports and information about the status and living situations of children in many countries.

United Nations ReliefWeb
"ReliefWeb is a project of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)... serving the information needs of the humanitarian relief community" Offers news updates to crisis situations around the world and includes information about refugee camps and other relief efforts.

United States Committee for Refugees (USCR)
Founded in 1958 to complement the UN's initiative to aid refugees, the USCR's site offers brief and detailed reports on refugee status in and from the various countries of the world.

World Vision Armenia
'World Vision is an international Christian relief and development organization working to promote the well-being of all people-especially children." Search its index for contact information, reports of activities, and news involved in the relief of the countries where the organization has branches."

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